The earthquake sends out the strongest shock waves. Refer back to the vocabulary sheet for any terms your student may not remember. The instructor should divide the class into teams of two or three and have each team discuss the concept of earthquake. Earthquakes fema 159 9 defining an earthquake an earthquake is a natural phenomenon like rain. Learn how the richter scale relies on vibration to logarithmically track earth tremors the richter scale and how it measures earthquake magnitude. Earthquake preparedness, was kindly provided and funded by the federal emergency management agency and the state of california governors office of emergency services and is aimed to improve population awareness and earthquake. Also, the history displayed on this page defaults to the current date at utc. The dawn of modern seismology broke immediately after the lisbon earthquake. An earthquake is a trembling or a shaking movement of the ground, caused by the slippage or rupture of a fault within the earths crust.
The location below the earths surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter, and the location directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. Q12 are seismic intensity and earthquake magnitude different. This brochure explains various types of information. Hes flying over the sea, 8km over the upper mantle. Designed for a fifth grade science curriculum, this worksheet also lends well to the study of features of nonfiction texts. How can you tell the difference between an earthquake and aftershocks. Learning earthquake tip 3 earthquake design and construction. The relative arrival times of different types of seismic waves is used to determine the distance of the seismograph station from the origin of the earthquake. Fault that makes california an area of high risk for earthquakes. Please refer to attached resource in the lesson introduction for the. Earthquake magnitude earthquake severity richter magnitude earthquake effects less than 3.
A measure of the amount of energy released by an earthquake. Gravity worked to restore the water to its equilibrium position. Explain what the focus and epicenter of an earthquake. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite biointeractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. Browse earthquake word search resources on teachers pay teachers, a marketplace trusted by millions of teachers for original educational resources. A quake of lesser magnitude, usually one of a series, following a large earthquake in the same area. Usgs earthquake hazards program, responsible for monitoring, reporting, and researching earthquakes and earthquake hazards.
Helps students understnad difference between magnitude and intensity locations of earthquake epicenters on earth map here are a few nice usgs maps that might be useful. An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. Learn more about the causes and effects of earthquakes in this article. Free earthquake worksheets for use when learning all about. Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another.
This countrys capital city was devastated by an earthquake in 1985. If the epicenter of an earthquake is located near massena, new york, where would the greatest dif. Earthquake tip 3 learning earthquake design and construction terminology the point on the fault where slip starts is the focus or hypocenter, and the point vertically above this on the surface of the earth is the epicenter figure 1. These are smaller earthquakes that happen in the same place as the larger earthquake that follows.
In most situations, you will reduce your chance of injury if you. Teacher planet offers lesson plans on epicenters, real time data projects and how scientists predict earthquakes. An instrument used to detect and record earthquakes. Plastic strain occurs when stress is applied to an object, and it becomes deformed. They strike without warning, at any time of year, day or night. These elements can act as channels through which the seismic waves travel, resulting in an energy entrapment, and therefore in a. From this came our belief that a doorway is the safest place to be during an earthquake. Descriptions as old as recorded history show the significant effects they have had on peoples lives. An overflowing of water onto land that is normally dry. This fact is important to locating the epicenter of an earthquakethat point on the earths surface which lies directly above the focus of seismic energy release. You cannot tell from the initial shaking if an earthquake will suddenly become intenseso always drop, cover, and hold on immediately.
Mar 24, 2020 earthquake, any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through earths rocks. An earthquake is a sudden shaking movement of the surface of the earth. Defining an earthquake earthquake epicenters the epicenter of an earthquake is the place on the earths surface directly above the focus or hypocenter, the place inside the earth where the quake originates. Salvador fault zone, independent of thedistance and origin earthquake, indicating an important control of the existing faults in guiding large liberation of seismic energy garcia florez and tsige,2011. Over the course of geological time, earthquakes, floods, and other natural events have helped to shape the surface of our planet. The richter scale calculates an earthquake s magnitude size from the amplitude of the earthquake s largest seismic wave recorded by a seismograph. Students use their reference tables to answer questions regarding earthquake epicenters and time of origin.
What is the richter scale, and how high does it go. Map study of cultures associated with earthquake legends. Elastic strain happens when an object is deformed, and then when the stress. One of the most devastating earthquakes in recorded history was the 1556 shaanxi earthquake, which occurred on 23 january 1556 in shaanxi province, china. How seismic waves can be used to locate the origin epicenter of earthquakes mystery epicenter activities 2 and 3 will be presented as time permits 2. Japan is one of the most earthquakeprone countries in the world, and has repeatedly su. Learn more about the causes and effects of earthquakes. Recommended earthquake safety actions federal, state, and local emergency management experts and other official preparedness organizations all agree that drop, cover, and hold on is the appropriate action to reduce injury and death during earthquakes. Thus, earthquakes in utah are related to interactions with the pacific plate along the plate margin on the west coast of the united states. Sp23 earthquake basics the delaware geological survey. Earthquakes the map on the left shows the global distribution of earthquakes and the map on the right shows the worlds tectonic plates and their boundaries. Comparison of magnitude, intensity, and energy equivalent for earthquakes. In the first part of this twoday lesson, i have a hook to give students a glimpse into the destructive power of earthquakes.
Twenty six centuries ago man began the quest for natural causes of earthquakes. These earthquake hats are perfect for emergency preparedness week and for the great shake out that most schools participate in. This section contains 16 worksheets about earthquakes which can be helpful to both you and your students. Eighth grade lesson earthquakes day 12 betterlesson. Handout questions energy transfer emspectrum 36 energy in the atmosphere notes lab radiation and absorption when making your graph, only plot your yaxis from the lowest record temp. The history of seismology did not really begin in 1889.
Our second option is superboy hes slower but he can do it. Earthquake waves can travel hundreds of kilometres causing or the l earthquakes to be felt a long way away from the origin. Before we can design an earthquake resistant structure, we need to understand the science behind earthquakes, how earthquakes cause destruction, how engineers build structures to withstand earthquakes, and what types of designs you should consider when planning your structure. Historical earthquakes is a list of significant earthquakes known to have occurred prior to the beginning of the 20th century.
Earthquake preparedness, was kindly provided and funded by the federal emergency management agency and the state of california governors office of emergency services and is aimed to improve population awareness and earthquake preparedness. Taken from a leaflet published by the japan meteorological agency. The aftershocks are what occur later and in the same place along the fault line. The four site coefficients s1 to s4 of the ubc 1994, which are independent of the level of ground shaking, were expanded to six soil profile types, which are dependent on the seismic zone factors. There is often significant uncertainty in location and magnitude and sometimes date for each earthquake. Earthquake names and magnitudes may differ slightly from what is currently in the comcat earthquake catalog since the sources of each may be different. An intimation, threat, or sign of impending danger or evil. Use the information below and your chapter 11 in your textbook p. The depth of focus from the epicenter, called as focal depth, is an important parameter in determining the. Notice the sensation of clothing on your body, the sun on your skin, or the feeling of the chair you are sitting in.
Failure mechanism of large landslides triggered by. Discussion of us earthquake hazard and concept of risk i. Yumthis social studies worksheet will teach fourth graders the history of chocolate. Defining an earthquake defining an earthquake an earthquake is a natural occurrence, like rain. Discussion of us earthquake hazard and concept of risk note to instructor. Plotting epicenters the data below shows the p and swave arrival time difference determined from seismograms from three different cities, for three different earthquake events. They also offer hands on activities to help those tactile learners in your classroom.
Find the origin time or the arrival time for the following scenarios type of wave distance to epicenter 1,000 km 6,600 km 5,200 km 3,800 km arrival time of wave pm pm origin time of show all work earthquake 01 pm pm how many seismic stations are needed to locate the epicenter. Origins, legacy, and perspectives by ari benmenahem abstract the history of seismology has been traced since man first reacted lit erarily to the phenomena of earthquakes and volcanoes, some 4000 yr ago. Assume the majority of the energy will travel through hard rock layers. This fact is important to locating the epicenter of an earthquake that point on the earths surface which lies directly above the focus of seismic energy release. Earthquake, any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through earths rocks.
Nova online teachers classroom activity wave that shook. In 1868, an earthquake estimated at a magnitude of about 7. An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the earth caused by the shifting of rock beneath the earths surface. They will learn many things, including the fact that chocolate has ancient roots in latin american culture, and sugar was not added until the europeans came in contact with it. The greater the distance from the origin, the greater the lag time between the arrivals of the p and swaves. In some areas, however, foci may be as deep as 700 km. The waves traveled from their place of origin in all directions and energy from the quake was transferred by the water. Geo700 landslides handout humboldt state university. A massive displacement of water from its equilibrium position caused the tsunami. The indian ocean tsunami of 2004 was caused by a megaearthquake measuring 9. This product includes a 2 page recording sheet to be used as a part of an earthquake stem challenge. How the passage of earthquake waves can be used to image the interior of the earth mystery inside the earth 3. It depends on the strength of the earthquake and the kind of movement that occurs in earths crust. Virtual lab how does magmas com position affect a volcanos eruption.
Folded rocks have been subjected to a plastic strain. Definition of words in italics are found in the glossary. Stick and slip as plates move past each other they get. The mid niigata prefecture earthquake in 2004 the iwatemiyagi nairiku earthquake in 2008 what would happen if there were no earthquaketsunami information when a tremor hits.
You will have thirty minutes to complete the questions. A comprehensive range of earthquake worksheets to support 12 different earthquake activities to help learning all about earthquakes. The science behind earthquakes what is an earthquake. Facts in any given year, the probability of being killed in a motor vehicle crash is 1 in 6,000. Earthquake damage worksheet earthquakedamageworksheet. The surface where they slip is called the fault or fault plane. Locating earthquakes using latitude and longitude, tohoku 2011 fact file, earthquake crossword, earthquake vocabulary. The same highquality resources are now available with new features, including a loggedin experience. Various output formats, and links to earthquake details. Long before there were scientific theories for the cause of earthquakes. Special earthquakes, earthquake sequences, and fault zones compilations of information about significant earthquakes, swarms or sequences, and fault zones of interest.
In australia, seismologists people who study earthquakes prefer the use of the moment magnitude scale, which calculates the magnitude of an earthquake based on physical properties such as the area of movement slip along the fault plane. We now understand that doorways are no stronger than any other part of the house, and do not provide protection from falling or flying objects. Aug 01, 2012 buchanan high school teacher web site. As the events listed here occurred before routine instrumental recordings, they rely mainly on the analysis of written sources. Japan is one of the most earthquakeprone countries in the world, and has. How long would it take for an earthquake in california to be detected in washington, dc, approximately 3,000 miles 4,500 km away. What other disasters could be triggered as a result of an earthquake. Handout primarily discussing the modified mercalli scale. Search earthquake catalog view historic seismicity, find past earthquakes that meet your criteria. This black history month word search celebrates the african american heroes throughout history. A sudden slippage or rupture along a fault line results in an abrupt release of elastic energy stored in rocks that are subjected to great strain.
The location below the earths surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter, and the. Pick up an object and examine its weight, texture, and other physical qualities. An enduring earthquake image of california is a collapsed adobe home with the doorframe as the only standing part. Earthquakes affect almost every part of the earth and like rain they can be either mild or catastrophic. The area of the earths surface that is directly above the origin of an earthquake. Grief recovery pyramid, arlene taylor 2 grief recovery is the process of learning to feel better and to achieve a condition of balance following any type of loss. Also, many small earthquakes in eastcentral utah are induced by underground coal mining. Using a tray of jello as an earthquake simulator, design marshmallow and toothpick buildings and try to see how long your building can last 15 s. Earthquake foci are usually somewhere between the surface and 100 km in depth.
Worksheets, printables and additional teaching resources help round out your unit on earthquakes and other natural disasters. Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to toss people around and destroy whole cities. The epicentre of an earthquake is the point on the surface of earth. Its true origin may be placed on 1 november 1755, during the lisbon earth quakean event that changed dramatically mans outlook on the phenomenon of earthquakes. They also read about three famous earthquakes in history, learn some earthquake safety tips, and study a diagram of fault lines before answering a few reading comprehension questions. Explain what the focus and epicenter of an earthquake are. Most houses in the area were yaodongsdwellings carved out of loess hillsidesand many victims were killed when these structures collapsed. For some, grief recovery means returning to a previously experienced state of soundness and balance. It can be seen from the maps above that most earthquakes occur at plate boundaries. Earthquake safety earthquake preparedness red cross. The time that an earthquake occurs can be inferred by knowing the a. Not every earthquake in or near the ocean causes a tsunami. Can cause major damage to poorly constructed buildings over small regions. The zone of earthquakes and volcanoes surrounding the pacific ocean.
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