Capital structure, a reading prepared by pamela peterson drake 4 alternative a. Popular models include the tradeoff models, the peckingorder models, and the markettiming models, among others. Pdf a theory of capital structure, price impact, and. This behavior of the shareholders towards highly levered firms can be attributed to the fact that high leverage in the.
Capital structure policy involves a tradeoff between risk and return 1 using more debt raises the riskiness of the firms earnings stream. Firms respond asymmetrically to rising volatility instead of falling volatility, more with debt reduction than equity issuance. Chapter iii concepts and theories of capital structure and profitability. Financial leverage is the extent to which fixedincome securities and preferred stock are used in a companys capital structure. We apply regression analysis at a sample consisting of greek listed nonfinancial companies over the period 19982009, both at the full sample level and at four leverage deciles. Capital structure and stock returns kellogg school of.
This paper aims to investigate the impact that the capital structure of a firm has on its stock price performance. Codetermination of capital structure and stock return. So thats why the problem is still present there that what should be the actual impact of firms performance on stock returns. Theories in finance consider debt as one of the factors for financial risk.
Issuing activities are not used to counterbalance stock return induced equity value changes. In this section the literature connected to capital structure, stock returns and the relationship between this two is presented. He studies daily stock returns following exchange offers and recapitalisations where recapitalisations occur at a single time. The impact of capital structure on stock return international. Moreover, he concluded that stock returns explain around 40 percent of debt ratio changes. Capital structure and stock returns by ivo welch ssrn.
Stock returns and the term structure abstract it is well known that in the postwar period stock returns have tended to be low when the short term nominal interest rate is high. Capital structure and stock returns are topics that have received much attention in the financial management arena. Mar 24, 2015 stock market returns using portfolio analysis has been described by yang et al 2010 to constitute a more appropriate form of ascertaining the relationship between capital structure and stock market returns, due to the collective contribution of all participating companies and elimination of firm based factors which may affect research results. Furthermore, debt to equity ratio and financial leverage. An empirical test on leverage and stock returns20081126. Optimum capital structure and cost of capital n if the cash flows to the firm are held constant. Bhandari 1988asserted that there is a positive relationship between capital structure and stock returns. Empirical evidence from nigeria international journal of business and social science vol. Although corporate net issuing activity is lively, and although it can explain 60% of debt ratio dynamics longterm debt issuing activity being most capital structure relevant, corporate issuing motives remain largely a. Use of financial leverage in corporate capital structure.
This paper develops a framework for analyzing the impact of macroeconomic conditions on credit risk and dynamic capital structure choice. Pdf capital structure dynamics and stock returns tr. Capital structure commission authorizes the percentage of common equity, preferred stock and debt that utilities are estimated to hold based on a reasonable capital structure. Welch, ivo, capital structure and stock returns june 16, 2003. The capital structure is how a firm finances its overall operations and growth by using different sources of funds. A theory of capital structure, price impact, and longrun stock. Frank and goyal 2009 examine the 25 independent variables that are used in previous studies and find only six variables to explain the capital structure of a firm but volatility does not robustly explain the capital structure of a firm.
The effect of capital structure on abnormal stock returns. Although corporate net issuing activity is lively, and although it can explain the remaining 60% of debt ratio dynamics longterm debt issuing activity being most capital structure relevant, corporate issuing motives remain largely a mystery. Although corporate net issuing activity is lively and although it can explain 60 percent of debt ratio dynamics long. Introduction capital structure of a firm is one of the major concerns for managers. Thus, over 15 year horizons, stock returns can explain about 40% of debt ratio dynamics. Capital structure changes and financial performance are of central importance to judge the overall returns of the firms and more importantly to know whether stock returns are sensitive to change in capital structure. It is the employment of an asset source of finance for which. This study examines the relationship between capital structure and stock returns of firms in the following eight countries in the asia pacific region for a period of 22 years from 1990 to 2012. The capital structure puzzle is unravelled and a clear. We study an environment with shortsale constraints and heterogeneous beliefs among outsiders and between insiders and outsiders.
Therefore a high leverage leads to a demand of higher stock returns from the investors and companies prefer to use debt rather than equity. The betterknown proxy variables used in the literaturesuch as tax. We begin by observing that when cash flows depend on current economic conditions, there will be a benefit for firms to adapt their default and financing policies to the position of the economy in the business cycle phase. A single measure financial performance as roa return on asset was used to identify the influence from capital structure for pakistani textile companies and data were used from the period of 2004. Pdf liquidity ratio, profitability, and solvency on. The goal of this chapter is to discuss the various theories that help to explain the determination of capital structure. Capital structure study attempts to explain the mix of securities and financing sources used by companies to finance investments myers,2001. Stock return volatility and capital structure decisions hui cheny hao wangz hao zhoux january 5, 2014 abstract stock return volatility signi cantly predicts active leverage adjustment, consistent with the tradeo theory. The relationship between capital structure and profitability cannot be ignored because the improvement in the profitability is necessary for the longterm survivability of the firm. Debt comes in the form of bond issues or longterm notes. Mar 17, 2006 many finance theories predict that the capital structure affects firm value, which implies that the changes in leverage have an impact on stock returns. Impact of firms performance on stock returns evidence from.
Korteweg 2004 also tests mm proposition ii and reports a negative relation between stock returns and leverage. They concluded that the capital structure of the firms has a. Next issues relevant to capital structure and costs of different types of capital or component costs of capital are discussed. Download citation capital structure and stock returns u. Irrelevance theorem a benchmark striking result is that under fairly general conditions.
Some studies argue that capital structure determines stock return e. Impact of capital structure on firms profitability and. Because interest payment on debt is tax deductible, the addition of debt in the capital structure. Many finance theories predict that the capital structure affects firm value, which implies that the changes in leverage have an impact on stock returns. Most of the existing literature however has been focusing on the determinants of the capital structure.
Capital structure, financial performance, developing markets, colombo stock exchange 1 introduction interpretation of capital structure may vary from equity capital and debt capital to fixed. Apr 18, 2017 next issues relevant to capital structure and costs of different types of capital or component costs of capital are discussed. May 29, 2019 a companys capital structure refers to how it finances its operations and growth with different sources of funds, such as bond issues, longterm notes payable, common stock, preferred stock, or. The patterns of corporate capital structures around the world are also discussed. Impact of capital structure on the stock price performance.
In this paper i show that more generally the state of the term structure of interest rates predicts stock returns. The form of returns dividends and stock buybacks will depend upon the stockholders characteristics. A single, overall cost of capital is often used to evaluate projects because. International evidence this study examines the relationship between capital. Capital structure, liquidity, and stock returns pdf. This behavior of the shareholders towards highly levered firms.
International journal of business and management 48. Pdf capital structure and stock returns semantic scholar. An empirical analysis on the capital structure of chinese listed it companies. Capital structure and stock returns journal of political.
The theory provides insight into a firms capital structure decision in a capital market free of taxes, transaction costs, and other frictions. Stock return volatility and capital structure measures of. The company implemented a twoforone stock split for shareholders on. The relationship between capital structure and stock. Some scholars found positive relationship between capital structure and stock returns bhandari, 1988, hamada, 1972, dhaliwal et al. Capital structure changes and financial performance are of central importance to judge the overall returns of the firms, and more importantly to know whether stock returns are sensitive to changes in capital structure. Capital structure and stock returns ivo welch yale university and national bureau of economic research u. European scientific journal september 2014 edition vol.
Capital structure has received the attention of many researchers and many studies are conducted to examine the effect of capital structure on stock return on both developed and emerging markets. Impact of capital structure on the stock price performance 395 the results of the above analysis indicate that there exists a significant positive relationship between the market risk and stock returns. The relationship between capital structure and profitability. Capital structure and stock returns ivo welch jstor. His tests are also based on pure capital structure changes. Capital structure theory asks what is the optimal composition between debt and equity. An empirical analysis of capital structure and abnormal. Stock market returns using portfolio analysis has been described by yang et al 2010 to constitute a more appropriate form of ascertaining the relationship between capital structure and stock market returns, due to the collective contribution of all participating companies and elimination of firm based factors which may affect research results.
Capital structure dynamics and stock returns since modigliani and miller 1958, there have been many studies that have examined firms capital structure choices and their implications. The european evidence wolfgang drobetz and pascal pensa abstract using a panel of 425 european firms over the period from 1990 to 2005, we revisit welchs 2004 finding that stock returns are the primary determinant of capital structure changes and that the corporate motives for issuing activi. Codetermination of capital structure and stock returnsa. This study examines the relationship between capital structure and stock returns of firms in the following eight countries in the asia pacific regionfor a period of 22 years from 1990 to 2012. Literature indicates that a firms capital structure may affect its stock returns bhandari, 1988, and the reverse is true too baker and wurgler, 2002, lucas and mcdonald, 1990, welch, 2004.
The optimal capital structure of a firm is often defined as the proportion of debt and equity that results in the lowest weighted average cost of capital wacc wacc wacc is a firms weighted average cost of capital and represents its blended cost of capital including equity and debt. An impact of capital structure on stock return in the context of oil. Capital structure dynamics and stock returns by jie cai. To quantify the impact, stock return was taken as a dependent. Hence, a firms determinants of its capital structure and those of its stock returns should be decided simultaneously, rather than independently. This paper investigates how stock returns are influenced by nonprofit indicators derived from corporate financial reports, the study used capital structure and liquidity ratio as nonprofit parameters.
Capital structure is the way in which a firm finances its operations which can either, be through debt or equity capital or a combination of both, brigham, 2004. Secondly, the objective is based on the statistic results to increase the understanding of. It avoids the problem of computing the required rate of return for each investment proposal. The endogenous variables in this study are capital structure, profitability and stock returns, whereas the exogenous variables are firm size, growth opportunity, tangibility, liquidity, volatility and uniqueness. The results are in support of some literature and are contradictory with some as well. Stock return volatility and capital structure decisions. Popular models include the tradeoff models, the peckingorder models, and. Financial leverage has value due to the interest tax shield that. Impact of capital structure and financial performance on. The effect of capital structure on profitability and stock. Although corporate net issuing activity is lively, and although it can explain 60% of debt ratio dynamics longterm debt issuing activity being most capital structure relevant, corporate issuing motives remain largely a mystery. Debt, equity or preferred stock b the cost of each component n in summary, the cost of capital is the cost of each component weighted by its relative market value.
The capital structure puzzle is unravelled and a clear picture is presented in terms of why capital structure matters. Finally, how does heterogeneity in beliefs affect the longrun stock returns to issuers of equity, debt, and convertible debt. And capital structure has a negative impact on stock returns. If the capital markets and financing systems are not supportive of hostile takeovers. Capital structure dynamics and stock returns by jie cai, zhe. The paper uses indicators of descriptive statistics such as mean, median, standard deviation, variance, kurtosis, skewness, etc. For that purpose the researcher increase the number of variables for in depth and better results. Capital investments and stock returns journal of financial. Over the past few years, there are increasing researches surrounding the issues related to the determinants of capital structure and the determining factors of expected stock returns. Impact of firms performance on stock returns evidence. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between capital structure and stock return for all industrial firms listed in the amman stock exchange over the.
Capital structure, credit risk, and macroeconomic conditions. The results also show the ratio of liquidity, profitability, and solvency partially no effect on stock returns with the capital. Bhandari, 1988 while another ones argue that stock return. Capital structure, stock return, stock market, industrial sector, financial ratio, international markets, panel data 1. Capital structure and stock market returns the writepass. Value of the firm in capital structure perspective in. Take an investor holding share s of firm 2, for a total of o 6.
This research investigates common determinants of capital structure and stock returns from the simultaneous structural equations approach by lisrel software in the companies listed in tehran stock exchange. The results indicate that the effect of capital structure depends on the nature of industry as well as market. Firm insiders choose between equity, debt, and convertible debt to raise external financing. Relationship between capital structure and stock returns of.
Request pdf the impact of capital structure on stock returns. The negative abnormal capital investmentreturn relation is shown to be stronger for firms that have greater investment discretion, i. Firms that substantially increase capital investments subsequently achieve negative benchmarkadjusted returns. The negative abnormal capital investment return relation is shown to be stronger for firms that have greater investment discretion, i. While all stockreturn caused equity growth can explain about 40% of capital structure dynamics, all corporate issuing activity together can. To investigate the relationship empirically, data for 69 textile firms for the period 20032009 were collected.
1165 999 1104 912 746 65 637 1245 1486 427 631 1281 35 83 877 173 129 836 1421 283 471 1438 744 880 295 851 1510 1232 143 1471 230 814 1186 1143 292 666 727 172 823 236 306 534 430